Governance atlas · reviewed 4 September 2026

Authority is layered, not a single ladder

National ministries, general administration, the Regional Council, three Hill District Councils, elected local government, courts, circles, mauzas and customary practice may touch the same issue. A legal mandate does not by itself prove transfer, capacity, operation or remedy.

Generalized editorial view of layered public institutions represented by desks, records, and meeting spaces against distant CHT ridges — Generalized editorial context. It does not identify a person, parcel, institution, or event.

Who may do what?

Start with the task, then verify the controlling text and current operational record.

Responsibility guide, not a jurisdiction ruling
Question	Potential institutions	Evidence to request	Known caution
Land transfer or dispute	HDC, district administration, Land Commission, courts, circle and mauza authorities	Instrument, record of right, custom evidence, order and appeal status	Jurisdiction and implementation remain issue-specific.
Education, health or local service	Ministry/department, HDC, Regional Council coordination, local government	Transfer notification, staffing, budget and service output	Formal transfer is not proof of exercised control.
Customary administration	Circle chief, headman, karbari and relevant state forum	Applicable custom, record, statutory recognition and review route	Practice varies and custom must not be frozen or generalized.
Election or appointment	Election Commission, government, HDC/Regional Council framework	Gazette, voter rule, term and challenge record	Parliamentary elections differ from council representation.

Sources: S2:[MS0087], S2:[MS0091], S2:[MS0094], S2:[MS0095], S4:[MS0271].

An empty public meeting table with separate folders, microphones, budget sheets, an organizational diagram made from cords, and an open visitor chair — Institutions overlap, but obligations, authority, capacity, and remedy must remain distinguishable.

Follow the evidence pathway

Legal text: What power or duty is written?
Formal action: Was a law, rule, gazette, transfer order or appointment made?
Capacity: Are staff, budget, records and systems present?
Operation: Is authority exercised in practice?
Output and outcome: What was delivered, reviewed or remedied?

Not legal advice. This public guide cannot determine rights, title, jurisdiction, limitation periods or a remedy in an individual matter. Consult the authoritative Bengali text and qualified counsel.

Right of reply: Open for substantive responses from named institutions, organizations and affected people. No private contact details are published.

Correction state: No published correction on this page. Material corrections are versioned, dated and linked.